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(Page créée avec « '''Chahardah Ma'sum''', les quatorze figures infaillibles ou immaculées vénérées par les chiites comprennent le prophète Muhammad, sa fille Fatima et les douze imams. Selon le concept théologique de 'isma, tous les rae sont considérés comme infaillibles. La 'isma est communément définie comme une bonté (lutf) accordée par Dieu qui n'entraîne pas l'incapacité de commettre des actes de désobéissance. == Isma == The ascription of inerrancy (‘isma)... ») |
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'''Chahardah Ma'sum''', les quatorze figures infaillibles ou immaculées vénérées par les chiites comprennent le prophète Muhammad, sa fille Fatima et les douze imams. Selon le concept théologique de 'isma, tous les rae sont considérés comme infaillibles. La 'isma est communément définie comme une bonté (lutf) accordée par Dieu qui n'entraîne pas l'incapacité de commettre des actes de désobéissance. | '''Chahardah Ma'sum''', les quatorze figures infaillibles ou immaculées vénérées par les chiites comprennent le prophète Muhammad, sa fille Fatima et les douze imams. Selon le concept théologique de 'isma, tous les rae sont considérés comme infaillibles. La 'isma est communément définie comme une bonté (lutf) accordée par Dieu qui n'entraîne pas l'incapacité de commettre des actes de désobéissance. | ||
== Isma == | == 'Isma == | ||
== The Number of Fourteen == | == The Number of Fourteen == | ||
It might be thought that the numbering of the inerrant ones as fourteen was retrospective and subsequent to the occultation of the Twelfth Imam, and it is certainly true that some time elapsed between the death of the eleventh Imam, Hasan al-‘Askari, in 260/873 and the emergence of a consensus that Imamite line had been completed with the occultation of his infant son, the Twelfth Imam.<ref>Sachedina, pp. 42ff</ref> However, materials already existed in Shi’ite tradition that spoke of Twelve Imam only, so that the crystallization of belief in a line of twelve was not excessively problematic.<ref>Kohlberg, pp. 529-33</ref> The inerrancy of the Prophet, ‘Ali, Hasan, and Hussein, together with nine unnamed descendants of Hussein, is attested in a tradition attributed to the Prophet.<ref>Majlesi, 1384, XXV, p. 201</ref> In another tradition, which has the Prophet addressing Salman, the nine are named explicitly, and mention of Fatima is, also included.<ref>ibid., pp. 6-7</ref> The same tradition states that the Prophet, Fatima, and the Twelve Imams were created out of light, « before the creation of creation ». related to this luminous origin of the Chahardah Ma’sum is the interpretation of the Light Verse (24:35) and, of almost every Quranic reference to light, as alluding to them.<ref>ibid., XXIII, pp. 304-48, XXVI, pp. 242-43; Shirazi, pp. 209-11</ref> According to Ja’far al-Sadiq, the creation of the Chahardah Ma’sum from light preceded that of all other beings by fourteen thousand years<ref>Majlesi, 1384, XX, pp. 15-16</ref> Other traditions speak of the Chahardah Ma’sum being fashioned from « celestial clay », « white clay », « clay beneath the Throne », and « the clay of the Throne ». <ref>ibid., XX, pp. 15-16, XXV, pp. 8-12</ref> the succession of the Chahardah Ma’sum on earth is held to mirror the order in which they responded, in pre-eternity, to the divine question, « Am I not your Lord ?»<ref>Koran 7:172</ref>, and the line of descent connecting the mis take to be a visible sign of their joint origin as a single luminous substance.<ref>Corbin, 1971-72, I, p. 68</ref> Even the sperm from which they grew was of ultimarely heavenly origin.<ref>Majlesi, 1384, XX, p. 38</ref> | It might be thought that the numbering of the inerrant ones as fourteen was retrospective and subsequent to the occultation of the Twelfth Imam, and it is certainly true that some time elapsed between the death of the eleventh Imam, Hasan al-‘Askari, in 260/873 and the emergence of a consensus that Imamite line had been completed with the occultation of his infant son, the Twelfth Imam.<ref>Sachedina, pp. 42ff</ref> However, materials already existed in Shi’ite tradition that spoke of Twelve Imam only, so that the crystallization of belief in a line of twelve was not excessively problematic.<ref>Kohlberg, pp. 529-33</ref> The inerrancy of the Prophet, ‘Ali, Hasan, and Hussein, together with nine unnamed descendants of Hussein, is attested in a tradition attributed to the Prophet.<ref>Majlesi, 1384, XXV, p. 201</ref> In another tradition, which has the Prophet addressing Salman, the nine are named explicitly, and mention of Fatima is, also included.<ref>ibid., pp. 6-7</ref> The same tradition states that the Prophet, Fatima, and the Twelve Imams were created out of light, « before the creation of creation ». related to this luminous origin of the Chahardah Ma’sum is the interpretation of the Light Verse (24:35) and, of almost every Quranic reference to light, as alluding to them.<ref>ibid., XXIII, pp. 304-48, XXVI, pp. 242-43; Shirazi, pp. 209-11</ref> According to Ja’far al-Sadiq, the creation of the Chahardah Ma’sum from light preceded that of all other beings by fourteen thousand years<ref>Majlesi, 1384, XX, pp. 15-16</ref> Other traditions speak of the Chahardah Ma’sum being fashioned from « celestial clay », « white clay », « clay beneath the Throne », and « the clay of the Throne ». <ref>ibid., XX, pp. 15-16, XXV, pp. 8-12</ref> the succession of the Chahardah Ma’sum on earth is held to mirror the order in which they responded, in pre-eternity, to the divine question, « Am I not your Lord ?»<ref>Koran 7:172</ref>, and the line of descent connecting the mis take to be a visible sign of their joint origin as a single luminous substance.<ref>Corbin, 1971-72, I, p. 68</ref> Even the sperm from which they grew was of ultimarely heavenly origin.<ref>Majlesi, 1384, XX, p. 38</ref> | ||